A DNA Methylation Discovery Affecting Cancer

Newly found enzymes may play early role in cancer is a EurekAlert article reporting that researchers believe they have identified two enzymes connected with cancer at early stages. The discoveries were the consequence of working with zebrafish. David Jones, Ph.D., is a professor of oncological sciences at the University of Utah. He also is senior director of early translational research at the university's Huntsman Cancer Institute. Jones explained that the manipulation of these enzymes could either slow the development of tumors or even prevent them.

The function of these enzymes seems to entail control of gene expression which, when faulty, can bring on cancer. A hitherto unknown process, involving these enzymes, affects DNA methylation of genes. Methylation is a process sometimes described with the phrase "on and off switch." On and off relate to whether proteins coded for by genes become synthesized and when this occurs. Healthy cellular function requires that timely gene expression occurs. Quoting the article:

The significance of this research is the discovery of two enzymes involved in DNA demethylation. Defects in DNA methylation balance are strongly associated with the early development of cancer, other diseases and birth defects, and the scientists say their study is the first clear evidence that this enzyme system plays a critical role in maintaining this balance. They also believe it's a process that can be reversed.

Professor Jones is quoted as saying:

"We discovered a pair of enzymes that can remove methylated DNA, but if these enzymes work improperly, they will instead enhance the rate of mutations in methylated DNA and cause cancer progression," "The question now is, when they work improperly, can we find ways to shut them off and prevent these mutations?"